Humans will make history by returning Mars to the surface of the planet for the first time.
A meteorite fraction named Sayh al Uhaymir 008 (SaU 008) will be on a Perseverance, Mars mission from NASA, on Thursday (30/7) —about 600,000 years after it left the Red Planet or 1,000 years when it arrived on Earth.
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Rover Perseverance itself will use the SaU 008 to calibrate the scanner and its sensitive instruments when landing. SaU 008 will be a reference point for rocks and other material on the surface of Mars.
Not much we know about the geological makeup of Mars. Therefore, SaU 008 as a rock fragment from the planet will be a useful comparison point.
"This little rock has a story behind it. It formed about 450 million years ago, was thrown from Mars by an asteroid explosion 600-700 thousand years ago, and then landed on Earth about 1,000 years ago. Now, he is ready to return to Mars, "said Caroline Smith, Head of the Earth Sciences Collections and curator of the meteorite at the Natural History of Museum.
The meteorite from SaU 008 was first discovered in Oman in 1999 and has been part of the Natural History Museum collection since 2000.
The small bubbles of gas trapped inside these rocks are well suited to the conditions of Mars' atmosphere. From there lah, the researchers know its origin.
A small part of the SaU 008 will be attached to the SHERLOC (Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals) spectrometer brought by Perseverance. He will use lasers to analyze the chemical and organic composition of Mars.
Having a piece of the original Martian meteorite should make this study more accurate and reliable. SHERLOC will also carry nine different materials to test it in the atmosphere of the Red Planet.
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"We chose SaU 008 specifically to be returned to Mars, not only because it was chemically right, but also a formidable rock," Smith explained.
"Some of the Martian meteorites are very fragile," he added.
The Perseverance mission carrying the 008 SaU is scheduled to launch on July 30, 2020. You can watch it live on NASA's YouTube account.
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